New Zealands Foreign Policy Analysis

peeled Zealands Foreign Policy AnalysisAaron LloydOver the last thirty years the frugal rise of mainland chinaware has contri yeted to a world wide of the mark shift in power. Discussing the current state of rude(a) Zealands dealingship with both(pre no.inal) mainland China and the United States of America ( ground forces), this essay will outline likely prox foreign form _or_ system of government choices. Authors such as Mosher and Krauthammer see the rise of China as a curse to the West that moldiness be contained, a view which is not widely accepted. With reference to sore Zealands recent economic and strategic supremacy this essay will suggest that succeeding(a) foreign policy must work to deepen dealings with both countries. invigorated Zealand must not choose betwixt China nor the ground forces, instead a broad based approach to traffic and international relations should be maintained.In 2008 recent Zealand was the first of the Organisation for sparing Co-o peration and Development countries to sign a Free look at Agreement (FTA) with China.1 As a result China has overtaken the USA as our second largest trading partner, with trades change magnitude from NZ$2.3 billion in 2008 to NZ$6.7 billion in 2012.2 In 2010 peeled Zealand set the goal of doubling two focus trade with China by 2015, a goal which was achieved a full year earlier.3 speaking to the vernal Zealand Institute of external personal business (NZIIA) in 2010 potty Key described modernistic Zealand China relations as unquestionably and unashamedly an economic affinity.4 Without pausing the bleak Zealand and Chinese governments have been energetic to capitalize on this recent economic success. The goal is now to further increase two way trade to NZ$30 billion by 2020.5 On economic terms at least refreshful Zealands relationship with China corporation be considered excellent. However, casting the net beyond economic measures thither are aspects of the relationsh ip that outride sensitive to the newfound Zealand public.Whilst bracing Zealand has enjoyed an economically successful relationship with China, that success has not been as widely reciprocated in other areas of society. In 2012 Shanghai Pengxin a Chinese securely attempted to purchase dairy farms previously owned by new-made Zealand firm Crafar Farms.6 The event caused an eager debate within tonic Zealand, to such an extent that the sale was subject to court order impede the bid before it was eventually approved four months later.7 Despite several years of significant economic social function, defence engagement over the same period has been categorized as modest.8 Reciprocal ship visits surrounded by the Chinese and brand-new Zealand Navy have only been occurring since 2013.9 This highlights a contrasting picture of naked as a jaybird Zealand and Chinese relations. On the one hand a strong economic relationship, yet on the other a cultural and security relationship th at is still in its infancy. This is in sharp contrast to bare-assed Zealands recent re-engagement with the USA.In the last decade New Zealands relationship with the USA has improved importantly. In the 1980s defence and security ties with the USA were frozen following disputes over nuclear ship visits to New Zealand.10 In the following twelve years military interest was minimal with only limited countersign sharing.11 New Zealands profile in the last decade characterised by difficult military involvement in Afghanistan has been conducive to warmer relations with Washington.12 In addition to New Zealands proactive involvement in Afghanistan and the peaceful region, the rise of China has given the USA more impetus to strengthen relations with traditional pacific based allies.13 New Zealands anti-nuclear policy of 1987 remains in force, however both countries now agree this is a part of history and not limiting to early relations.14 As a result New Zealand has resumed full intel ligence sharing and combined military exercises are again in occurrence. New Zealand Naval ships are once again permitted into USA ports and New Zealand is now in attention at USA surpass exercises such as the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC).15 These improving trends lead former USA Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to refer to New Zealand-USA relations as the strongest and most rich in 25 years.16 Political, diplomatic and defence relations have thus improved significantly since the 1980s. These improvements, whilst significant in terms regional security and co-operation have not translated into broader economic advancement for New Zealand.Despite the significant advancement of the Chinese economy, the USA economy still remains strong. The USA is New Zealands third largest trade partner and for over a decade a free trade agreement has been sought.17 A large focus of current trade negotiation is focused on the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP). This is a twelve nation region al free trade agreement which includes New Zealand and the USA reported as bringing New Zealand up to US$4.1 billion in increased exportations by 202518. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade the TPP agreement is in its final stages, however these negotiations have been current since 2008.19 USA concern over intellectual property rights is cited as a reason for negotiation delay.20 Whilst New Zealand enjoys a healthy economic relationship with the USA, long lasting trade negotiations are stalling proximo economic potential. Relations with China and the USA are thus contrasting. On the one hand New Zealand enjoys an economic advantage from China, and on the other improved strategic and military ties with the USA. Future foreign policy must seek to maximise both.Based on the current relationship trends future tense policy get upions can be surmised. New Zealand will wish to continue and build on the success of the economic relationship with China. In pursuing th is advancement the issue of trade dependency has been raised. This is with reference to the historical context when New Zealand was largely dependent on trade with the United Kingdom. Risk diversification has therefore been highlighted as a key theme for contemporary trade policies. The TPP for example, involves many different countries and is seen as a way of gap the risk to guard against potential future economic difficulties.21 There is widespread agreement that future relations with China should not just be based on trade with little else. Powles for example believes that to in truth capitalize on the economic relationship a great depth of understanding of Chinese market-gardening will be required in order to progress22. This is needed because New Zealand does not share the commonalities in history and language that it does with traditional Anglosphere partners. In the past this commonality has given New Zealand a greater voice and understanding despite our relative size and geographic isolation.23 As the influence of Asia increases in the world, future policy decisions will thus require a greater depth of cultural and historical understanding. In achieving a deeper relationship with China, New Zealand must not jeopardise wider relationships with traditional or emerging partnerships. extracurricular of relations with the USA and China, New Zealand enjoys significant economic and diplomatic relations with many other countries. With Australia for example, New Zealand has spent considerable effort enhancing diplomatic relations. Closer Economic Relations (CER) which were both agreed between New Zealand and Australia in the early 1980s, are an important example of this effort.24 Australia remains New Zealands largest export market.25 New Zealand has also succeeded in implementing free trade agreements with Hong Kong and Malaysia.26 In the future these and other relationships will remain necessary in order to improve trade and maintain strategic balance.27 While current and future foreign policy will work to strengthen relations with both the USA and China, it not must be at the expense of emerging or other traditional relations.New Zealand enjoys a wide range of international relations as a result of its independent foreign policy. Consensus is that relations with all China or the USA are likely to be strained if New Zealand loses objectivity and in the future New Zealand must continue to be seen as a friend to both except not aligned either.28 New Zealands anti-nuclear stance saw John Key invited President juice up Obamas nuclear security summit in Washington recognition of New Zealands mogul to maintain its independent voice against larger powers.29 As the influence of China rises in our area, it is important for New Zealand to maintain an independent approach and ensure our own traditions remain intact.30This essay has discussed the current state of New Zealands relationship with both the USA and China, focusing specifically on recent economic and diplomatic relations. Examining in particular the strength of New Zealands recent economic success with China, it has been proven that New Zealand will wish this economic advancement to continue. Previous lessons of economic dependence have been learned and future trade policies will seek a wide base. New Zealands economic relationship with the USA whilst surpassed by China still remains significant and has many potential benefits in the years ahead. diplomatic and military relations with the USA have largely become normalised again, whilst similar engagements with China are merely just beginning. A lack of cultural and historical understanding of China compared to that of traditional Anglosphere partners hampers contemporary involvement. Overall, it is perspicuous that future foreign policy will want to capitalize on the successful aspects of both relations, but not at the expense of other traditional and emerging partners.BIBLIOGRAPHYAustralia, New Ze aland Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 12 February 2015. http//www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Australia/Australia.phpAyson, Robert. Choosing in the lead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia A ledger of International Strategic Affairs 34, no. 3 (2012) 338-364. DOI 10.1355/cs34-3b.Brady, Anne-Marie. New Zealand-China Relations Common points and Differences New Zealand ledger of Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (2008) 1-20. http//www.nzasia.org.nz/downloads/NZJAS-Dec08/2_Brady_3.pdfChina Export, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, accessed 07 February 2015 https//www.nzte.govt.nz/en/export/export-markets/greater-china/china/Elder, Chris and Ayson, Robert, Chinas Rise and New Zealands Interests A policy primer for 2030, Centre for Strategic Studies parole Paper, No. 11 (2012). http//www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/DP11-12-Chinas-rise-and-NZs-interestsONLINE.pdf.Groser, Tim. Trading with China A Suc cess Story. New Zealand International analyse 39, no. 5 (2014) 7-11. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=98383845site=eds-livescope=site.Jacobi, Stephen. Turning dreams into reality New Zealand International check out 36, no. 5 (2011) 17-20. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=65270856site=eds-livescope=site.Key, John. New Zealand in the world New Zealand International check out 35, no.6 (2010) 2-7. http//search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/documentSummarydn=536854149505279res=IELHSSKey, John Finding a way in a changing world New Zealand International Review 37, no. 5 (2012) 10-13. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=79701425site=eds-livescope=site.Lanteigne, Marc. Chinese Foreign Policy An Introduction. 2nd ed. London and New York Routledge, 2013.Map, Wayne. The New Zealand Paradox, Adjusting to t he change in balance of power in the Asia Pacific over the next 20 years, CSIS, (Centre for Strategic and International Studies), may 2014 http//reader.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/(S(bjax1qdqmpglrgfmabxmblf5))/Reader.aspx?p=1687311o=76u=KGjZ3dJ3A9U3Dg/rttWjiw==t=1423524409h=464DE919F23875D4E7DEC547BE6938BB1CFF342Cs=16970573ut=173pg=1r=imgc=-1pat=ncms=-1sd=1McKinnon, John. New Zealand between America and China New Zealand International Review 38, no. 6 (2013) 8-12. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=91978148site=eds-livescope=site.New Zealand-Australia Closer Economic Relations, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 12 February 2015. http//mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Australia/index.phpPowles, Michael. China and New Zealand at cardinal what next? New Zealand International Review 37, no. 6 (2012) 2-4. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//se arch.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=83342048site=eds-livescope=site.Sinclair, Paul, New Zealand Expands Defence Ties With China strategic discussion paper Centre for Strategic Studies pass away modified 24 July 2014. http//www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/18_New-Zealand-Expands-Defence-Ties-with-China.pdf.Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 10 February 2015. http//mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Trans-Pacific/index.phpUnited States of America, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 10 February 2015. http//www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/North-America/United-States.php11 Marc Lanteigne, Chinese Foreign Policy An Introduction, 2nd ed. (London and New York Routledge, 2013), 160-161.2 China Export, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, accessed 07 February 2015 https//www.nzte.govt.nz/en/export/export-markets/greater- china/china/3 Tim Groser. Trading with China A Success Story. New Zealand International Review 39, no. 5 (2014) 7. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=98383845site=eds-livescope=site4 John Key. New Zealand in the world New Zealand International Review 35, no.6 (2010) 3. http//search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/documentSummarydn=536854149505279res=IELHSS5 Groser, Trading with China A Success Story, 7.6 Lanteigne, Chinese Foreign Policy An Introduction, 160.7 Ibid, 161.8 John McKinnon. New Zealand between America and China New Zealand International Review 38, no. 6 (2013) 11. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=91978148site=eds-livescope=site.9 Paul Sinclair, New Zealand Expands Defence Ties With China strategic discussion paper Centre for Strategic Studies Last modified 24 July 2014. 1. http//www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/18_New -Zealand-Expands-Defence-Ties-with-China.pdf.10 Robert Ayson. Choosing Ahead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia A Journal of International Strategic Affairs 34, no. 3 (2012) 343-44. DOI 10.1355/cs34-3b.11 Wayne Map, The New Zealand Paradox, Adjusting to the change in balance of power in the Asia Pacific over the next 20 years, CSIS, (Centre for Strategic and International Studies), May 2014 http//reader.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/(S(bjax1qdqmpglrgfmabxmblf5))/Reader.aspx?p=1687311o=76u=KGjZ3dJ3A9U3Dg/rttWjiw==t=1423524409h=464DE919F23875D4E7DEC547BE6938BB1CFF342Cs=16970573ut=173pg=1r=imgc=-1pat=ncms=-1sd=112 Ayson, Choosing Ahead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia, 344.13 Ibid.14 Ayson, Choosing Ahead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia, 347.15 Ibid, 346.16 Hillary Clinton quoted in Stephen Jacobi Turning dreams into reality New Zealand International Review 3 6, no. 5 (2011) 17. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=65270856site=eds-livescope=site.17 United States of America, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 10 February 2015. http//www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/North-America/United-States.php18 Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 10 February 2015. http//mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Trans-Pacific/index.php19 Ibid.20 John Key, Finding a way in a changing world New Zealand International Review 37, no. 5 (2012) 12. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=79701425site=eds-livescope=site.21 Groser, Trading with China A Success Story, 11.22 Michael Powles . China and New Zealand at forty what next? New Zealand International Review 37, no. 6 (2012) 2. http//ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http// search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=83342048site=eds-livescope=site.23 Ibid.24 New Zealand-Australia Closer Economic Relations, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 12 February 2015. http//mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Australia/index.php25 Australia, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed 12 February 2015. http//www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Australia/Australia.php26 Key, New Zealand in the world 3.27 Chris Elder and Robert Ayson, Chinas Rise and New Zealands Interests A policy primer for 2030, Centre for Strategic Studies Discussion Paper, No. 11 (2012). 21. http//www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/DP11-12-Chinas-rise-and-NZs-interestsONLINE.pdf.28 Powles, China and New Zealand at forty what next? 2.29 Jacobi. Turning dreams into reality 18.30 Anne-Marie Brady, New Zealand-China Relations Common points and Differences New Zealand Journal of Asian Studi es 10, no. 2 (2008) 19. http//www.nzasia.org.nz/downloads/NZJAS-Dec08/2_Brady_3.pdf